Do You Live or Work Near the Marikina Fault Line?

MARIKINA FAULT LINE

Disclaimer:  Data used to support this article were obtained from geologic reports made available through the Internet. Special credit goes to Mr. Tulisanes and his maps at Exposing the Marikina Valley Faultline System.  His maps were of great help in locating the actual fault line.  With his permission, the maps were elaborately "superimposed" on modern Google Earth maps that show details of streets and buildings.   Although the fault line was carefully extrapolated, some errors may persist.  The author does not attest that the specified locations point to the EXACT LOCATION OF THE FAULT, which may lie in any area about 100 meters to the east or west of the specified location.  Such contention does not negate the FACT that a FAULT LINE DOES EXIST, and should merit attention for the safety of the general public. 

The Marikina Fault Line, as depicted in this article, is a dextral strike-slip fault that extends from Montalban, Rizal (north end) and runs through the cities of Marikina, Makati, Pasig and Taguig.  The fault line terminates near Carlos P. Garcia Avenue at Taguig City.

If we follow the path of the fault starting from the northern end, we shall start at Mount Balagbag (Montalban); then pass some 1 mile to the east of Macabud Elementary School, and a half-mile to the west of Montalban Islamic Cemetery.  The fault almost runs parallel to Mayon Avenue (Montalban), lying some 300 meters to the west of Erap Paaralang Pantao at Montalban Hills.  Still following Mayon Avenue, the fault goes farther southward at the middle of Villa Ana Maria Subdivision and Kasiglahan Village.   The fault hugs the Payatas Road traversing south-south-west and lies about 500 meters to the east of Parkwoods Village and about 1000 meters to the west of Dela Costa Homes V.

Then the fault traverses barren land, lying some 1000 meters away to the east of Payatas Landfill until it hits residential area near the intersection of Spring Country Avenue and James Street near San Mateo River.   Still traversing south-south-west, the fault intersects Titus Road and sharply veers southwest to Bagong Silangan passing the streets of Bonifacio and Alejandro in-between Mascardo and Macabulos streets, about 100 meters west of Jeronimo Park.   

At Bagong Silangan, the fault touches the north-west tails of M. H. del Pilar, Evangelista, Francisco, De Dios, and Arellano streets as it dips farther south-south-west, before hitting the eastern tail of Byron street.  

The fault traverses farther south-south-west along grassy land and almost hugs the entire length of Byron street, from a distance of about 350 meters from Filinvest 2 Park.   Then it hits the intersection of Day and Dodge streets before crossing the streets of Davis, Dona Justina, Crane, and Cohen.  Then it intersects Batasan-San Mateo Road farther south-west, about 150 meters away from Gold Park.

A second fault line can be seen on the map.  It also intersects Cohen but lies midway between Tatiana and Neptune streets near Sunnyside Village, before intersecting Milky Way Street and Batasan-San Mateo Road.  Farther south-west, the fault hits a residential area of small houses.

Near Batasan Hills, our first fault line hugs Ambe Street some 40 meters to the west and traverses a path about 100 meters from the Quezon City Public Library, before intersecting Turquoise Street.  The fault terminates at the eastern end of Moscow Street farther south.

The second fault line intersects Tamate Street and passes 30 meters to the west of Quezon City Public Library.  It also intersects Turquoise Street before terminating at the intersection of Belfast Street and Katipunan Extension.

Now we begin to see the emergence of another fault line which starts near Morado Street, Batasan Hills and traverses south-west until it hits the intersection of Montreal and Plymouth Streets.  The fault continues south-west intersecting Delhi Street and almost hugs Panama Street 10 meters to the west.

The main fault line continues its south-west traverse hugging Katipunan Extension some 30 meters to the west, and hitting its intersection with London Avenue, about 50 meters east of Harvard Home Stay.  The fault then passes through farm land and reaches Barangay Tumana farther south.  It crosses Moscow Street before terminating near Nova Scotia. 

Another fault line emerges 200 meters to the west.  It begins at the farm land and crosses the streets of Moscow, Denmark, Katipunan, and Finland.  

The fault continues its south-west traverse despite discontinuities in the line.  It runs almost parallel to Katipunan Road; first traversing 150 meters east of Katipunan, terminates, and  continues at the eastern end of Rome Street and crosses Soliven Avenue and Katipunan Extension.   It hugs Soliven Avenue 15 meters to the west, crosses Spain Street and  Bilaan Drive and terminates at Honduras Street. 

From Honduras Street, the fault continues its south-west traverse, partly hugging the northern part of Paraguay Street and crossing Hon. B. Soliven Avenue II.  The fault then goes parallel to Columbia Street 260 meters east of Ateneo de Manila High School, 230 meters from the Jesuit Residence, and 210 meters from the University Dormitories.

Another fault lies parallel 50 meters to the east, which starts at the southern end of Paraguay Street and continues south-west, partially hitting the north-western portion of St. Ignatius de Loyola Memorial Park.  

Three faults now dissect Barangay Barangka of Marikina City.  The fault at the left (nearest to Columbia Street) intersects Mother Theresa Street and enters the Ateneo University compound.  It lies 30 meters east of Loyola House of Studies and intersects St. Ignatius Street before terminating at Seminary Road.   

The middle fault intersects St. Joseph Avenue and bisects San Jose Seminary almost at the middle.  It intersects Iglesia Ni Cristo Street and terminates at F. Tuazon Road.  

The right fault starts at the northern end of Don Gonzalo Puyat Street and crosses Cenera Julian Cruz Street hitting several houses in Dela Costa Homes along the way.  The fault lies just 10 meters away from Barangka Elementary School before intersecting A. Bonfacio Avenue farther south-west.

After crossing A. Bonifacio Avenue, the fault intersects M. Cruz, M. Gonzales, and Joseph streets some 130 meters away from Riverbanks Center, Marikina City.   It then crosses Marcos Highway and passes near the intersection of Apitong and Lauan Streets.  Afterwards, it intersects the streets of Kamagong, President Osmena, President Magsaysay, and Jose Santos.  At this point, the fault lies about 80 meters west of Our Lady of Nativity Parish.  Continuing its south-west traverse, the fault enters Barangay Industrial Valley Complex intersecting the streets of Santos Dixon, President Aguinaldo, President Quezon, President Roxas, Taurus, Aquarius, Cancer, Scorpio, and Capricorn.

Entering Blue Ridge B Subdivision, the fault passes Starine Road and shares a common intersection with Evening Glow Road and Riverside Drive.  It crosses FVR Road farther south and so enters Libis, Quezon City.  It passes through the western part of Camp Atienza and then intersects the southern tail of Riverside Drive.  It passes by Eastwood City until it hits the intersection of Mercury Avenue and Eulogio Rodriguez Avenue.  Crossing the street, the fault dips slightly south-east and enters St. Ignatius Village hugging almost the entire length of Titan Street.  At this point, the fault lies about 500 meters away from Camp Aguinaldo.

Returning to its south-west traverse, the fault hits the intersection of Titan and Poseidon Streets, enters White Plains Subdivision as it runs parallel to Whitefield Avenue about 60 meters to the east.  It hugs almost the entire length of Cecilleville Street until it intersects Adonis Street farther south.  After crossing Green Meadow Avenue, the fault intersects Swallow Drive, Flamingo Street, and almost hits the intersection of Nightingale and Sparrow Streets.  At this point the fault is about 460 meters away from Christ the King Church.

Continuing its south-west traverse, the fault intersects Swallow Drive, Dove Street, and runs almost parallel to Green Meadows Avenue 50 meters to the east.  It passes by the intersection of Bee and Butterfly Streets about 15 meters to the west and hits the intersection of Butterfly and Beetle Streets farther south.  It then crosses Firefly Street and Ortigas Avenue.

The fault crosses Celery Drive and almost hits the intersection of Cabbage and Cucumber Streets.  Then it passes by Mustard Street and Celery Drive (again) before intersecting Dona Julia Vargas Avenue farther south.  Afterwards, it hugs part of Lanuza Avenue.  Crossing the street, the fault sharply veers to the south-west intersecting Narra and Malipajo Streets.

  

Entering Barangay Ugong, Pasig City, the fault crosses the streets of St. Martin, Sineguelas, Pina, Melon, Mabolo, Duhat, Chico, and Balimbing, where it lies about 300 meters to the east of Philippine Sports Complex (Pasig ULTRA) and about 250 meters from Valle Verde Country Club.  Then the fault crosses Canley Road farther south, and dissects an area between Escarpment Road and Banner Street.

As the fault enters Bagong Ilog, Pasig City it diverges into two.  One fault closely hugs Kagandahan Street to the west, and crosses Kabutihan Street and Eugenio Meja Road.  The other fault intersects Kasayahan Street to the east. The latter fault intersects Kapayapaan Street and Eugenio Meja Road before rejoining the first fault near Pasig Boulevard.

The fault hugs Carlos P. Garcia Avenue about 40 meters to the east, and about 250 meters from Napindan Floodgate.  Upon reaching the other bank, the fault intersects Dr. Jose P. Rizal Extension, P. Urduja and P. Zamora streets, and crosses 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th avenues before reaching M. Concepcion Avenue farther south.  After which, it consecutively intersects 12th, 13th, 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th avenues upon reaching East Rembo.  At this area, the fault lies 200 meters to the east of West Rembo Elementary School and 90 meters to the west of East Rembo Elementary School.

The fault nips Mother Dolorosa Church as it passes 19th and 20th Avenues.  It continues its south-west traverse as it crosses 21th, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 27th, 25th, 28th, 29th before intersecting Amapola Street farther south.  At this area, the fault is about 170 meters away from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.  Continuing its traverse, the fault crosses the streets of Bouganvilla, Camia, Dahlia, Escarlata, Gumamela, and Jasmin.  At this area, the fault lies just 25 meters away from Pembo Elementary School.  

At Pembo, the fault crosses the streets of Ilang-Ilang, Kampupot, Las Maras, Mirasol, Orkidia, Rosas, Zenia, and Tarhata, bisecting these streets half-way between Cadena de Amor and Sampaguita Streets.  It intersects Azucena and Lower Azucena further south.  It crosses Sampaguita Street about 15 meters away from its intersection with Amarillo Street.  At this place the fault lies about 100 meters from the nearby Iglesia ni Cristo Church.

At Taguig City, the fault passes near the intersection of Sampaguita Extension and Begonia Street, about 30 meters to the east of Fort Bonifacio Seventh Day Adventist Church.  Traversing farther south-west, the fault intersects the streets of Catleya, Dona Aurora, Ivory, Gladiola, Blueberry, and Blue Vos.  Then it goes across Carlos P. Garcia Avenue.

Traversing farther south-west, the fault crosses Commando Road and Scorpion Street before hugging almost the entire length of Abbot Street.  It hits the intersection of Abbot and Centuar Streets, and crosses the streets of Fox, Hombe, Firefly, Challenger, Matilda, General Dado, Apitong, Bakawang, Chico, and Durian.  The fault terminates at a place near the eastern end of Durian Street.  At this place, the fault is about 70 meters west of Carlos P. Garcia Avenue and about 140 meters west of BCDA Compound.

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Back to School (STI)

I went back to STI Ortigas Avenue to continue teaching. It is almost nostalgic to see my old students and colleagues after an absence of many months. This time I got a fully loaded teaching schedule.

We are offering a new course (Hotel and Restaurant Management), and we are indeed surprised to see a tremendous increase in enrollment this semester. We are already in the 3rd week of June and many students are still coming in.

We are occupying almost all the floor levels in Rublou building. The library is now located at the 6th floor. A portion of the 5th floor is now occupied and some parts are reserved for HRM classes. Hey guys, better visit the school to see the new rooms!

History of Singapore

In my effort to know more about Singapore, I browsed the Internet to read of its history. I found one good version at http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/countries/singapore/Singapore-History.html. You do not need to browse, however, I reprinted the most important parts here:

Written accounts of its early history sketchy and the names used to refer to the country are varied. In the third century, a Chinese account gave reference to Singapore as Pu-luo-chung, or "island at the end of a peninsula". In 1320, however, the Mongol court sent a mission to a place called Long Yamen (Dragon's Tooth Strait) to get elephants. This probably referred to Keppel Harbour. A visitor from China, Wang Dayuan, who came around 1330, called the main settlement Pancur (spring), and reported that there were Chinese already living here. One of the earliest references to Singapore as Temasek, or Sea Town, was found in the Javanese Nagarakretagama' of 1365. The name was also mentioned in a Vietnamese source at around the same time. By the end of the 14th century, the Sanskrit name, Singapura (Lion City), became commonly used.

At that time, Singapore was caught in the struggles between Siam (now Thailand) and the Java-based Majapahit Empire for control over the Malay Peninsula. According to the Sejarah Melayu (Malay Annals), Singapore was defeated in one Majapahit attack, but Iskandar Shah, or Parameswara, a prince of Palembang, later killed the local chieftain and installed himself as the island's new ruler. Shortly after, he was driven out, either by the Siamese or by the Javanese forces of the Majapahit Empire. He fled north to Muar in the Malay Peninsula, where he founded the Malacca Sultanate. Singapore remained an important part of the Malacca Sultanate; it was the fief of the admirals (laksamanas), including the famous Hang Tuah.

Founding of Modern Singapore

The British, who were extending their dominion in India, and whose trade with China in the second half of the 18th century was expanding, saw the need for a port of call in this region to refit, revitalise and protect their merchant fleet, as well as to forestall any advance by the Dutch in the East Indies. As a result, they established trading posts in Penang (1786) and and captured Malacca from the Dutch (1795).

On 29 January 1819, Sir Stanford Raffles, Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen, landed on the island of Singapore after having surveyed other nearby islands. The next day, he concluded a preliminary treaty with Temenggong Abdu'r Rahman to set up a trading post here. On 6 February 1819, a formal treaty was concluded with Sultan Hussein of Johor and the Temenggong, the de jure and defacto rulers of Singapore respectively.

Singapore proved to be a prized settlement. By 1820, it was earning revenue, and three years later, its trade surpassed that of Penang. In 1824, Singapore's status as a British possession was formalised by two new treaties. The first was the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of March 1824, by which the Dutch withdrew all objections to the British occupation of Singapore. The second treaty was made with Sultan Hussein and Temenggong Abdu'r Rahman in August, by which the two owners ceded the island out right to the British in return for increased cash payments and pensions.

The Straits Settlements

Singapore, together with Malacca and Penang, the two British settlements in the Malay Peninsula, became the Straits Settlements in 1826, under the control of British India. By 1832, Singapore had become the centre of government for the three areas. On 1 April 1867, the Straits Settlements became a Crown Colony under the jurisdiction of the Colonial Office in London.
With the advent of the steamship in the mid-1860s and the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, Singapore became a major port of call for ships plying between Europe and East Asia. And with the development of rubber planting, especially after the 1870s, it also became the main sorting and export centre in the world for rubber. Before the close of the 19th century, Singapore was experiencing unprecedented prosperity and trade expanded eightfold between 1873 and 1913. The prosperity attracted immigrants from areas around the region. By 1860, the population had grown to 80,792. The Chinese accounted for 61.9 per cent of the number; the Malays and Indians 13.5 and 16.05 per cent respectively; and others, including the Europeans, 8.5 per cent.
The peace and prosperity ended when Japanese aircraft bombed the sleeping city in the early hours of 8 December 1941. Singapore fell to the Japanese on 15 February 1942, and was renamed Syonan (Light of the South). It remained under Japanese occupation for three and a half years.

Towards Self-Government

The British forces returned in September 1945 and Singapore came under the British Military Administration. When the period of military administration ended in March 1946, the Straits Settlements was dissolved. On 1 April 1946, Singapore became a Crown Colony. Penang and Malacca became part of the Malayan Union in 1946, and later the Federation of Malaya in 1948.
Postwar Singapore was a contrast to the prewar country of transient immigrants. The people, especially the merchant class, clamored for a say in the government. Constitutional powers were initially vested in the Governor who had an advisory council of officials and nominated non-officials. This evolved into the separate Executive and Legislative Councils in July 1947. The Governor retained firm control over the colony but there was provision for the election of six members to the Legislative Council by popular vote. Hence, Singapore's first election was held on 20 March 1948.

When the Communist Party of Malaya tried to take over Malaya and Singapore by force, a state of emergency was declared in June 1948. The emergency lasted for 12 years. Towards the end of 1953, the British government appointed a commission under Sir George Rendel to review Singapore's constitutional position and make recommendations for change. The Rendel proposals were accepted by the government and served as the basis of a new constitution that gave Singapore a greater measure of self-government.

The 1955 election was the first lively political contest in Singapore's history. Automatic registration expanded the register of voters from 75,000 to over 300,000, and for the first time, it included large numbers of Chinese, who had manifested political apathy in previous elections. The Labor Front won 10 seats. The Peoples Action Party (PAP), which fielded four candidates, won three seats. David Marshall became Singapore's first Chief Minister on 6 April 1955, with a coalition government made up of his own Labor Front, the United Malays National Organization and the Malayan Chinese Association .

Marshall resigned on 6 June 1956, after the breakdown of constitutional talks in London on attaining full internal self government. Lim Yew Hock, Marshall's deputy and minister for Labor became the Chief Minister. The March 1957 constitutional mission to London led by Lim Yew Hock was successful in negotiating the main terms of a new Singapore Constitution. On 28 May 1958, the Constitutional Agreement was signed in London.

Self-government was attained in 1959. In May that year Singapore's first general election was held to choose 51 representatives to the first fully elected Legislative Assembly. The PAP won 43 seats, gleaning 53.4 percent of the total votes. On June 3, the new Constitution confirming Singapore as a self-governing state was brought into force by the proclamation of the Governor, Sir William Goode, who became the first Yang di-Pertuan Negara (Head of State). The first Government of the State of Singapore was sworn in on June 5, with Lee Kuan Yew as Singapore's first Prime Minister.

The PAP had come to power in a united front with the communists to fight British colonialism. The communists controlled many mass organizations, especially of workers and students. It was an uneasy alliance between the PAP moderates and the pro communists, with each side trying to use the other for its own ultimate objective--in the case of the moderates, to obtain full independence for Singapore as part of a non-communist Malaya; in the case of the communists, to work towards a communist take-over.

The tension between the two factions worsened from 1960 and led to an open split in l961, with the pro-communists subsequently forming a new political party, the Barisan Sosialis. The other main players in this drama were the Malayans, who, in 1961, agreed to Singapore's merger with Malaya as part of a larger federation. This was also to include British territories in Borneo, with the British controlling the foreign affairs, defense and internal security of Singapore.

The Malaysia Proposal

On 27 May 1961, the Malayan Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, proposed closer political and economic co-operation between the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, North Borneo and Brunei in the form of a merger. The main terms of the merger, agreed on by him and Lee Kuan Yew, were to have central government responsibility for defense, foreign affairs and internal security, but local autonomy in matters pertaining to education and labor. A referendum on the terms of the merger held in Singapore on 1 September 1962 showed the people's overwhelming support for PAP's plan to go ahead with the merger.

Malaysia was formed on 16 September 1963, and consisted of the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak and North Borneo (now Sabah). Brunei opted out. Indonesia and the Philippines opposed the merger. President Sukarno of Indonesia worked actively against it during the three years of Indonesian confrontation.

Independence

The merger proved to be short-lived. Singapore was separated from the rest of Malaysia on 9 August 1965, and became a sovereign, democratic and independent nation. Independent Singapore was admitted to the United Nations on 21 September 1965, and became a member of the Common wealth of Nations on 15 October 1965. On 22 December 1965, it became a republic, with Yusof bin Ishak as the republic's first President.

Thereafter commenced Singapore's struggle to survive and prosper on its own. It also had to create a sense of national identity and consciousness among a disparate population of immigrants. Singapore's strategy for survival and development was essentially to take advantage of its strategic location and the favourable world economy.

The Singapore People

I am at Lucky Plaza, trying to pass the time away before I go back to my brother's house at Yishun, some kilometers away. If you happen to read my previous blog, it was done in a hurry and the first-hand impressions were based on my observations on the way home from the airport.

I have been in Singapore for two weeks now, and I wish to add first-hand observations of Singapore people.

Singaporeans are mainly descendants of Mandarin-speaking Chinese, unlike the Fookien-speaking Chinese of Taiwan and Philippines. Some Singaporeans have India, British, Dutch, and Malay ancestors, and their origins are betrayed by the color of their skin and manner of dressing. These ethnic groups seem to live in harmony, and I notice them mixing together in buses, trains, swimming pools, malls, and other public places. I do not notice any racial prejudice.

With a few exceptions, Singaporeans are generally hospitable. When you ask them directions to a certain building or street, they go out of their way to show the direction. Filipinos are known for their hospitality, but at home -- not at the streets.

There are no street children, and very few beggars. The last beggar I encountered was wearing a collared shirt, shoes, and backpack. He was asking for coins. I couldn't believe he was a beggar so I shook him off.

Singaporean children are studious and and many of them were eyeglasses at an early age. Singaporean teenagers are generally carefree, and most likely they can be seen wearing their walkman cellphones. Young professionals are generally liberated, perhaps due to Western influence. Many young women wear mini-skirts and spaghetti blouses.

Most Singaporeans speak English as a second language. When I first arrived here, I couldn't understand what the taxi driver was saying -- he kept adding "ah" or "la" as the last word of each sentence. Examples: "You are new here ah.", "Would you like to buy a drink ah?", "One dollar per apple la."

There are many mission and nursing homes. Old people and wayward youths are confined to these places. The state takes care of their necessities. I have visited one which is run by the Missionaries of Charity. A Catholic priest holds mass there every Sunday with the assistance of Filipino choir singers.

When I visited a the Cathedral of Good Shepherd in central Singapore, I've noticed a handful of Filipinos dancing "tinikling" in one corner of church premises. They seem to be a happy lot.

Hello Singapore

I arrived in Singapore last May 6, and presently enjoying my stay here in the company of my brother Bong, sister-in-law Ellen, and my baby niece Bubbles. My niece is so cute - she has Fuderanan features written all over her face.

First thing I've noticed in Singapore is its clean surroundings. I bet if you will throw a piece of paper on the street you would feel guilty.

Next thing I've noticed is the flow of traffic. Vehicles take the left side of the road, not the right. The driver is seated at the right side of the vehicle, not left.

I am here at Lucky Plaza, writing this blog. This place is frequented by most Filipinos, and 7 out of 10 persons that you meet in this mall are Kababayans.

I will keep you updated.

My Picture

Great Weekend

My wife and I went to Los Banos, Laguna last April 7 for an overnight swimming party. It was a thanksgiving party organized by her colleagues (faculty members of Jose Abad Santos High School). From Divisoria, Manila the group went all the way to Los Banos, where we looked for a place to stay. Luckily the organizers found that the Monte Carlo resort was still available, so that's where we all went. After swimming, I invited an acquaintance (an attorney) to play chess with me. I thought he was a beginner in chess, but he was a tough nut to crack. Out of 5 games, he lost 4 and salvaged one with a draw.

The next morning (April 8, Saturday) we all went home. My wife and I were so tired we just slept the whole morning. Before going to sleep I managed to send a text message to my brother Epoy who I know was also planning a vacation with his family. I suggested Monte Carlo. He replied later in the day saying that they are on the way already, but still have to do some shopping. He asked us to go also. In short, my wife and I ended going back to Laguna with my brother's family and 3 of our other nephews. They chose to go to Villa Nella, which is even better than Monte Carlo. We stayed there for the night and stayed there the whole Sunday.

I LOVE C

"I LOVE C". This is the original title of this blog, but I changed it because my wife might misinterpret it. "C" means chess, computers, C Language, cookout, camping, and many more. It just happens that many things I love in my life begins with the letter C.

If my wife's name happens to start with the letter C, she might have fallen also to this category. Of course, she is my number one LOVE. She is my only Chick.