Anemia

What is ANEMIA?

Anemia is a condition in which the blood does not supply the body with enough oxygen.  This is because in anemia, either the number of red blood cells circulating in the body is lower than normal or the levels of hemoglobin inside the red blood cells fall below normal.  If hemoglobin and/or red blood cell levels are low, less oxygen is delivered to the tissues by the blood.

Hemoglobin is the iron-containing red pigment that gives the red blood cells their color; and it also gives red blood cells their ability to carry oxygen.

CAUSES OF ANEMIA

There are three general causes of anemia:

• ·               Decreased red cell production by the bone marrow
• ·               Increased red cell destruction, or hemolysis
• ·               Blood loss from heavy menstrual periods or internal bleeding 

 SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ANEMIA

A person with anemia will feel tired and weak. That's because the body's tissues are not getting enough oxygen. In fact, fatigue is the main symptom of most types of anemia. The severity of the symptoms of anemia is in part related to how severe the anemia is. Mild anemia can occur without symptoms and may be detected only during a medical exam that includes a blood test.

• ·               Fatigue
• ·               Weakness
• ·               Fainting
• ·               Breathlessness
• ·               Heart palpitations (rapid or irregular beating)
• ·               Dizziness
• ·               Headache
• ·               Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
• ·               Difficulty sleeping
• ·               Difficulty concentrating

Common signs include:

• ·               Pale complexion
• ·               The normally red lining of the mouth and eyelids fades in color
• ·               Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
• ·               Abnormal menstruation (either absence of periods or increased bleeding)

TYPES OF ANEMIA

There are different kinds of anemia. Some forms of this condition are inherited, while others are brought on by poor nutrition.

1. Iron Deficiency Anemia                

2. Vitamin Deficiency Anemia                

3. Hemolytic Anemia

4. Sickle Cell Anemia

5. Thalassemia

6. Aplastic Anemia

HOW IS ANEMIA TREATED?

The treatment for anemia depends on the type and cause.

 

Iron deficiency anemia is treated with iron (ferrous sulphate) supplements, initially taken three times a day. If nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea or constipation occur, the medication may be taken with a little bit of food. Treatment should be continued for three to six months in order for the body to fully replenish its iron supply. 

 

Pernicious anemia, or vitamin B-12 deficiency, is treated by a life-long course of intramuscular injections of B-12. Persons with this type of anemia receive a shot of B-12 several times a week when first diagnosed. The treatment may continue for life, with one shot about four times a year.

Folic acid deficiency anemia can be corrected by taking folic acid supplements once a day.

Hereditary hemolytic anemias, such as thalassemia is treated by first eliminating any existing infections and avoiding medications that suppress the body's immune system.

Sickle cell anemia patients may be given oxygen, oral and intravenous fluids and pain-killing drugs to reduce pain and prevent complications. 

Sometimes rare aplastic anemias and autoimmune hemolytic anemias will respond to steroids. Failure to respond to steroids may require removal of the spleen which can become enlarged with defective red blood cells.

 RICHMOND Y. MANABAT, R.N.

Is There a Santa Claus?

In 1897, an eight-year-old girl named Virginia asked her grandfather whether Santa Claus really exists.  The grandfather suggested she write to The Sun, a prominent New York newspaper at the time.

The newspaper answered through an editorial, written by Francis Church, giving the former war correspondent to rise above the simple question and address the philosophical issues behind it.  The message was very moving to many people who read it.  More than a century later it remains the most reprinted editorial ever to run in any newspaper in the English language.  (source:  Wikipedia)

Virginia, your little friends are wrong.  They have been affected by the skepticism of a skeptical age.  They do not believe except they see.  They think nothing can be which is not comprehensible by their little minds.  All minds, Virginia, whether they be men's or children's, are little.  In this great universe of ours, man is a mere insect, an ant, in his intellect, as compared with the boundless world about him, as measured by the intelligence capable of grasping the whole of truth and knowledge.  

Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus.  He exists as certainly as as love and generosity and devotion exist, and you know that they abound and give to your life its highest beauty and joy.  Alas!  How dreary would be the world if there were no Santa Claus.  It would be as dreary as if there were no Virginians.  There would be no childlike faith then, no poetry, no romance to make tolerable this existence.  We should have no enjoyment, except in sense and sight.  The eternal light with which childhood fills this world would be extinguished.  

Not believe in Santa Claus!  You might as well not believe in fairies!  You might get your Papa to hire men to watch in all the chimneys on Christmas Eve to catch Santa Claus, but even if they did not see Santa Claus coming down, what would that prove?  Nobody sees Santa Claus, but there is no sign that there is no Santa Claus.  The most real things in the world are those that neither children nor men can see.  Did you ever see fairies dancing on the lawn?  Of course not, but there is no proof that they are not there.  Nobody can conceive or imagine all the wonders there are unseen and unseeable in the world.

You may tear apart the baby's rattle and see what makes the noise inside but there is a veil covering the unseen world which not the strongest man, nor even the united strength of all the strongest men that ever lived, could tear apart.  Only faith, fancy, poetry, love, romance, can push aside that curtain and view and picture that supernal beauty and glory beyond.  Is it all real?  Ah, Virginia, in all this world there is nothing else real and abiding.

No Santa Claus!  Thank God he lives, and he lives forever.  A thousand years from now, Virginia, nay, ten times ten thousand years from now, he will continue to make glad the heart of childhood.

Do You Live or Work Near the Marikina Fault Line?

MARIKINA FAULT LINE

Disclaimer:  Data used to support this article were obtained from geologic reports made available through the Internet. Special credit goes to Mr. Tulisanes and his maps at Exposing the Marikina Valley Faultline System.  His maps were of great help in locating the actual fault line.  With his permission, the maps were elaborately "superimposed" on modern Google Earth maps that show details of streets and buildings.   Although the fault line was carefully extrapolated, some errors may persist.  The author does not attest that the specified locations point to the EXACT LOCATION OF THE FAULT, which may lie in any area about 100 meters to the east or west of the specified location.  Such contention does not negate the FACT that a FAULT LINE DOES EXIST, and should merit attention for the safety of the general public. 

The Marikina Fault Line, as depicted in this article, is a dextral strike-slip fault that extends from Montalban, Rizal (north end) and runs through the cities of Marikina, Makati, Pasig and Taguig.  The fault line terminates near Carlos P. Garcia Avenue at Taguig City.

If we follow the path of the fault starting from the northern end, we shall start at Mount Balagbag (Montalban); then pass some 1 mile to the east of Macabud Elementary School, and a half-mile to the west of Montalban Islamic Cemetery.  The fault almost runs parallel to Mayon Avenue (Montalban), lying some 300 meters to the west of Erap Paaralang Pantao at Montalban Hills.  Still following Mayon Avenue, the fault goes farther southward at the middle of Villa Ana Maria Subdivision and Kasiglahan Village.   The fault hugs the Payatas Road traversing south-south-west and lies about 500 meters to the east of Parkwoods Village and about 1000 meters to the west of Dela Costa Homes V.

Then the fault traverses barren land, lying some 1000 meters away to the east of Payatas Landfill until it hits residential area near the intersection of Spring Country Avenue and James Street near San Mateo River.   Still traversing south-south-west, the fault intersects Titus Road and sharply veers southwest to Bagong Silangan passing the streets of Bonifacio and Alejandro in-between Mascardo and Macabulos streets, about 100 meters west of Jeronimo Park.   

At Bagong Silangan, the fault touches the north-west tails of M. H. del Pilar, Evangelista, Francisco, De Dios, and Arellano streets as it dips farther south-south-west, before hitting the eastern tail of Byron street.  

The fault traverses farther south-south-west along grassy land and almost hugs the entire length of Byron street, from a distance of about 350 meters from Filinvest 2 Park.   Then it hits the intersection of Day and Dodge streets before crossing the streets of Davis, Dona Justina, Crane, and Cohen.  Then it intersects Batasan-San Mateo Road farther south-west, about 150 meters away from Gold Park.

A second fault line can be seen on the map.  It also intersects Cohen but lies midway between Tatiana and Neptune streets near Sunnyside Village, before intersecting Milky Way Street and Batasan-San Mateo Road.  Farther south-west, the fault hits a residential area of small houses.

Near Batasan Hills, our first fault line hugs Ambe Street some 40 meters to the west and traverses a path about 100 meters from the Quezon City Public Library, before intersecting Turquoise Street.  The fault terminates at the eastern end of Moscow Street farther south.

The second fault line intersects Tamate Street and passes 30 meters to the west of Quezon City Public Library.  It also intersects Turquoise Street before terminating at the intersection of Belfast Street and Katipunan Extension.

Now we begin to see the emergence of another fault line which starts near Morado Street, Batasan Hills and traverses south-west until it hits the intersection of Montreal and Plymouth Streets.  The fault continues south-west intersecting Delhi Street and almost hugs Panama Street 10 meters to the west.

The main fault line continues its south-west traverse hugging Katipunan Extension some 30 meters to the west, and hitting its intersection with London Avenue, about 50 meters east of Harvard Home Stay.  The fault then passes through farm land and reaches Barangay Tumana farther south.  It crosses Moscow Street before terminating near Nova Scotia. 

Another fault line emerges 200 meters to the west.  It begins at the farm land and crosses the streets of Moscow, Denmark, Katipunan, and Finland.  

The fault continues its south-west traverse despite discontinuities in the line.  It runs almost parallel to Katipunan Road; first traversing 150 meters east of Katipunan, terminates, and  continues at the eastern end of Rome Street and crosses Soliven Avenue and Katipunan Extension.   It hugs Soliven Avenue 15 meters to the west, crosses Spain Street and  Bilaan Drive and terminates at Honduras Street. 

From Honduras Street, the fault continues its south-west traverse, partly hugging the northern part of Paraguay Street and crossing Hon. B. Soliven Avenue II.  The fault then goes parallel to Columbia Street 260 meters east of Ateneo de Manila High School, 230 meters from the Jesuit Residence, and 210 meters from the University Dormitories.

Another fault lies parallel 50 meters to the east, which starts at the southern end of Paraguay Street and continues south-west, partially hitting the north-western portion of St. Ignatius de Loyola Memorial Park.  

Three faults now dissect Barangay Barangka of Marikina City.  The fault at the left (nearest to Columbia Street) intersects Mother Theresa Street and enters the Ateneo University compound.  It lies 30 meters east of Loyola House of Studies and intersects St. Ignatius Street before terminating at Seminary Road.   

The middle fault intersects St. Joseph Avenue and bisects San Jose Seminary almost at the middle.  It intersects Iglesia Ni Cristo Street and terminates at F. Tuazon Road.  

The right fault starts at the northern end of Don Gonzalo Puyat Street and crosses Cenera Julian Cruz Street hitting several houses in Dela Costa Homes along the way.  The fault lies just 10 meters away from Barangka Elementary School before intersecting A. Bonfacio Avenue farther south-west.

After crossing A. Bonifacio Avenue, the fault intersects M. Cruz, M. Gonzales, and Joseph streets some 130 meters away from Riverbanks Center, Marikina City.   It then crosses Marcos Highway and passes near the intersection of Apitong and Lauan Streets.  Afterwards, it intersects the streets of Kamagong, President Osmena, President Magsaysay, and Jose Santos.  At this point, the fault lies about 80 meters west of Our Lady of Nativity Parish.  Continuing its south-west traverse, the fault enters Barangay Industrial Valley Complex intersecting the streets of Santos Dixon, President Aguinaldo, President Quezon, President Roxas, Taurus, Aquarius, Cancer, Scorpio, and Capricorn.

Entering Blue Ridge B Subdivision, the fault passes Starine Road and shares a common intersection with Evening Glow Road and Riverside Drive.  It crosses FVR Road farther south and so enters Libis, Quezon City.  It passes through the western part of Camp Atienza and then intersects the southern tail of Riverside Drive.  It passes by Eastwood City until it hits the intersection of Mercury Avenue and Eulogio Rodriguez Avenue.  Crossing the street, the fault dips slightly south-east and enters St. Ignatius Village hugging almost the entire length of Titan Street.  At this point, the fault lies about 500 meters away from Camp Aguinaldo.

Returning to its south-west traverse, the fault hits the intersection of Titan and Poseidon Streets, enters White Plains Subdivision as it runs parallel to Whitefield Avenue about 60 meters to the east.  It hugs almost the entire length of Cecilleville Street until it intersects Adonis Street farther south.  After crossing Green Meadow Avenue, the fault intersects Swallow Drive, Flamingo Street, and almost hits the intersection of Nightingale and Sparrow Streets.  At this point the fault is about 460 meters away from Christ the King Church.

Continuing its south-west traverse, the fault intersects Swallow Drive, Dove Street, and runs almost parallel to Green Meadows Avenue 50 meters to the east.  It passes by the intersection of Bee and Butterfly Streets about 15 meters to the west and hits the intersection of Butterfly and Beetle Streets farther south.  It then crosses Firefly Street and Ortigas Avenue.

The fault crosses Celery Drive and almost hits the intersection of Cabbage and Cucumber Streets.  Then it passes by Mustard Street and Celery Drive (again) before intersecting Dona Julia Vargas Avenue farther south.  Afterwards, it hugs part of Lanuza Avenue.  Crossing the street, the fault sharply veers to the south-west intersecting Narra and Malipajo Streets.

  

Entering Barangay Ugong, Pasig City, the fault crosses the streets of St. Martin, Sineguelas, Pina, Melon, Mabolo, Duhat, Chico, and Balimbing, where it lies about 300 meters to the east of Philippine Sports Complex (Pasig ULTRA) and about 250 meters from Valle Verde Country Club.  Then the fault crosses Canley Road farther south, and dissects an area between Escarpment Road and Banner Street.

As the fault enters Bagong Ilog, Pasig City it diverges into two.  One fault closely hugs Kagandahan Street to the west, and crosses Kabutihan Street and Eugenio Meja Road.  The other fault intersects Kasayahan Street to the east. The latter fault intersects Kapayapaan Street and Eugenio Meja Road before rejoining the first fault near Pasig Boulevard.

The fault hugs Carlos P. Garcia Avenue about 40 meters to the east, and about 250 meters from Napindan Floodgate.  Upon reaching the other bank, the fault intersects Dr. Jose P. Rizal Extension, P. Urduja and P. Zamora streets, and crosses 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th avenues before reaching M. Concepcion Avenue farther south.  After which, it consecutively intersects 12th, 13th, 15th, 16th, 17th, and 18th avenues upon reaching East Rembo.  At this area, the fault lies 200 meters to the east of West Rembo Elementary School and 90 meters to the west of East Rembo Elementary School.

The fault nips Mother Dolorosa Church as it passes 19th and 20th Avenues.  It continues its south-west traverse as it crosses 21th, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 27th, 25th, 28th, 29th before intersecting Amapola Street farther south.  At this area, the fault is about 170 meters away from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.  Continuing its traverse, the fault crosses the streets of Bouganvilla, Camia, Dahlia, Escarlata, Gumamela, and Jasmin.  At this area, the fault lies just 25 meters away from Pembo Elementary School.  

At Pembo, the fault crosses the streets of Ilang-Ilang, Kampupot, Las Maras, Mirasol, Orkidia, Rosas, Zenia, and Tarhata, bisecting these streets half-way between Cadena de Amor and Sampaguita Streets.  It intersects Azucena and Lower Azucena further south.  It crosses Sampaguita Street about 15 meters away from its intersection with Amarillo Street.  At this place the fault lies about 100 meters from the nearby Iglesia ni Cristo Church.

At Taguig City, the fault passes near the intersection of Sampaguita Extension and Begonia Street, about 30 meters to the east of Fort Bonifacio Seventh Day Adventist Church.  Traversing farther south-west, the fault intersects the streets of Catleya, Dona Aurora, Ivory, Gladiola, Blueberry, and Blue Vos.  Then it goes across Carlos P. Garcia Avenue.

Traversing farther south-west, the fault crosses Commando Road and Scorpion Street before hugging almost the entire length of Abbot Street.  It hits the intersection of Abbot and Centuar Streets, and crosses the streets of Fox, Hombe, Firefly, Challenger, Matilda, General Dado, Apitong, Bakawang, Chico, and Durian.  The fault terminates at a place near the eastern end of Durian Street.  At this place, the fault is about 70 meters west of Carlos P. Garcia Avenue and about 140 meters west of BCDA Compound.

The World Needs Fatima

In July 1972, a rare and unusual phenomenon put the spotlight on the International Pilgrim Virgin Statue of Our Lady of Fatima when it visited some churches in New Orleans.

Free Education Books

Why buy books when you can get them for free? Educational e-books may be read online and/or downloaded for free. Go to FREE BOOK FINDER and see lists of websites that offer e-books of different topics and categories. You will be amazed in what is in store for you.

Why worry?

I want you to meet Nick Vujicic, a man born with no arms and no legs. But he does not worry. He considers his condition a GIFT. See the video and find out why.

Free Mobile Phone Software

Free ringtones, themes, wallpapers, games and screen savers. Scores of items to choose from.

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Software Development

A site for students learning the rudiments of System Analysis, System Design, System Development, Software Engineering.

For detailed discussions, please visit Systems Study and Software Development.

Fastest Way of Solving the Rubik's Cube

A site that gives you the steps in completing the Rubik's Cube. 


Relatively very fast.  Visit The Fastest Way of Solving the Rubik's Cube.

Play Chess With Me

A site for chess enthusiasts all over the world.   If features short and brilliant chess games played by grandmasters since the time of Paul Morphy up to the present.  Games categorized by opening.  Visit: Brilliant Chess Games

Back to School (STI)

I went back to STI Ortigas Avenue to continue teaching. It is almost nostalgic to see my old students and colleagues after an absence of many months. This time I got a fully loaded teaching schedule.

We are offering a new course (Hotel and Restaurant Management), and we are indeed surprised to see a tremendous increase in enrollment this semester. We are already in the 3rd week of June and many students are still coming in.

We are occupying almost all the floor levels in Rublou building. The library is now located at the 6th floor. A portion of the 5th floor is now occupied and some parts are reserved for HRM classes. Hey guys, better visit the school to see the new rooms!